The master plan of the construction site serves as the initial document for the production of all preparatory work for the breakdown and construction of individual civil and industrial buildings and entire sets of buildings (factories, factories, combines, etc.). The general requirements for the master plan in terms of design (scale, content, etc.) are set out in volume I "The construction industry". An indication of the shooting technique and the breakdown of the area as a whole — see volume XIII "The construction industry". The main requirements for documents characterizing the position of the site in the plan along the line of work related to the construction of foundations and foundations must be in place before starting work on the site:
1) a horizontal map of the area (scale 1:10,000), determining the location of the site relative to stations, cities, villages, rivers, roads, etc. (this requirement does not apply to urban construction);
2) the general plan of the site in horizontal lines on a scale from 1:2000 to 1:500, depending on the size of the site (the height of the horizontal sections is from 1.0 to 0.5 m, depending on the nature of the terrain of the place).
The general plan should indicate the natural boundaries of the site: reservoirs, hollows, tallwegs, watersheds, etc., especially if the site is located on a clearly defined slope.
All geodetic and geological works on the site related to fixing the position of individual points of the site in the plan must be linked by the coordinate method to the permanent axes of the plant or construction site. The position of the axes in kind is fixed by the corresponding breakdown and engagement of the ends of the axes with constant points and is applied to the general plan of the site. The general plan should indicate:
a) the location of the geodetic points of the site with their numbers, such as: points of the geometric network, reference points, etc.;
b) the location of ground workings (drilling wells, pits) with their numbers and marks of the mouth, as well as the directions of geological sections;
c) local objects: existing buildings, roads, single trees, fences, ditches, etc.;
d) placement of contours of projected structures in terms of both main and auxiliary ones.
The breakdown of the structure in the plan and profile is called the application and fixing of the main elements of the project on the site of the construction site allocated for construction.
For the breakdown, it is necessary to have a situational plan and a construction project; the first one should include existing structures, roads, streets, etc. and a plan of the projected structure oriented relative to the countries of the world and existing buildings. Existing structures, roads, streets, etc. are the starting points for the breakdown, by hanging and measuring from which we find the true location of the projected structure on the designated site. On the situational plan, it is customary to designate all existing structures in black, while the projected ones are reapplied in red.
Before the breakdown, it is first necessary to roughly outline the location of the projected structure on the construction site and remove from the construction site everything that may interfere with the work: old buildings, fences, trees, etc. http://1win.org.ua